Emissions to the atmosphere

Emissions into the atmosphere and impacts. Volcanoes are an important component of the Earth System that release to the atmosphere trace gases and tephra, affecting ecosystems and climate. Such affection depends on the volume of emissions and on the physicochemical processes occurring in the atmosphere. This session include a variety of topics:

• Estimation of the emission of trace gases (CO2, SO2, HF, etc…), tephra and constituents (Hg, As, Cd, Ni, Fe, etc…) linked to eruptions.
• Medium and long-range transport in the atmosphere of the volcanic species.
• Formation of atmospheric aerosols.
• Aerosols composition affecting ecosystem and climate.
• Physical and chemical processes of trace gases and aerosols.
• Impacts of volcanic trace gases, tephra and aerosols.